Nihilism

Nihilism (from the Latin nihil, nothing) is a philosophical position which argues that Being, especially past and current human existence, is without objective meaning, purpose, comprehensible truth, or essential value.

The term nihilism is sometimes used synonymously with anomie to denote a general mood of despair at the pointlessness of existence.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism

This more than a system of belief, or a critique of other beliefs, but a general state of anxiety, uncertainty, and purposlessness.  A transitive sate as well as a general outlook on life.